Lectins are sugar-binding plant proteins that can identify and attach to pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. This binding effect can stop reactions that lead to infection. Now research reports that the lectin BanLec found in bananas can block the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This discovery may provide a future vaginal microbicide treatment to prevent HIV infection.
The in vitro study, published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, investigated BanLec’s effect on HIV activity. Researchers at the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor, performed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine if BanLec can bind the gp120 HIV envelope protein and block HIV cellular entry.
The researchers found that BanLec can bind to the sugars on the HIV envelope. This effect blocked HIV entry into the cell. Findings also revealed that BanLec is similar in potency to the anti-HIV drugs T-20 and maraviroc.
“Based on these results, BanLec is a potential component for an anti-viral microbicide that could be used to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1,” the study authors conclude.
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