The protein ghrelin and other gut hormones help regulate body weight and appetite. Ghrelin is known to produce feelings of hunger, and increases during fasting and decreases after a meal. The hormones leptin, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide are known to produce feelings of satiety (fullness). However, the concentrations of gut hormones have not been studied during different rates of eating. Now research reports that eating too fast blocks hormones that curb appetite and satiety. This can lead to overeating and weight gain.
The study, published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, investigated the effect of eating the same meal at different rates on gut peptide response. Researchers at Athens University Medical School in Athens, Greece, administered 300 mm (about 10 ounces) of ice cream to 17 healthy men during two separate testings. The meal duration was either 5 minutes or 30 minutes. Serum levels of gut hormones were obtained from the participants before the meal and every 30 minutes after eating for a total of 210 minutes. The participants also rated their feelings of hunger and fullness.
The researchers found that the appetite-suppressing gut peptide response was higher after the 30 minute meal than after the 5 minute meal. No differences were noted in the ghrelin response. Furthermore, the participants who ate slowly had higher ratings of fullness.
"Our findings give some insight into an aspect of modern-day food overconsumption, namely the fact that many people, pressed by demanding working and living conditions, eat faster and in greater amounts than in the past," states researcher Dr. Alexander Kokkinos, in a news release. "The warning we were given as children that 'wolfing down your food will make you fat,' may in fact have a physiological explanation."
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