The study measured several variables in both fresh and stored human breast milk and formula including the major antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and amount of lipid peroxides.
The researchers found no difference in antioxidant capacity between the three groups, even though formula had much higher levels of vitamins than fresh and stored human breast milk. Levels of lipid peroxidation were higher in the human breast milk groups, with the highest amounts being found in the stored milk.
Researchers do not understand why levels of lipid peroxidation are higher in natural breast milk, perhaps there is some purpose served. It is rational to understand that stored milk may be higher due to fatty acid breakdown by lipase over time and exposure to light and temperature changes that can also affect the stability of fats in the milk.
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