Diabetes and metabolic syndrome have been rapidly increasing in the U.S. and Europe. The symptoms of metabolic syndrome include obesity (especially around the waist), high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and insulin resistance. Millions of people are at risk for developing diabetes due to obesity and impaired blood sugar control. Now research reports that lifestyle changes resulting in long-term weight loss is twice as effective as drugs for preventing diabetes. The long-term follow-up study is one of the longest and largest American diabetes studies.
The study, published in The Lancet, investigated the long-term effects of lifestyle intervention on the incidence of diabetes in high-risk adults. Researchers from the U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group administered either a low fat diet and moderate exercise, the diabetes drug metformin or a placebo to about 3,000 high-risk patients enrolled in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). After 2.8 years they found that diabetes incidence was 58% lower in the lifestyle group and 31% lower in the metformin group, compared to the placebo group.
The researchers continued the study for an additional ten years, offering lifestyle intervention including group counseling to all three groups. They found that diabetes incidence was 34% lower in the lifestyle group and 18% lower in the metformin group, compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the onset of diabetes was delayed by four years in the lifestyle group and two years in the metformin group.
"Prevention or delay of diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin can persist for at least 10 years," the study authors conclude.
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