The value of calcium for bone health is widely known, but other nutrients such as vitamin K, which is vital to the structural integrity of bone, are less publicized. A review article published in Canadian Family Physician (2004;50:993-997) summarized the importance of Vitamin K in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Vitamin K1, also referred to as phylloquinone, is the type of vitamin K found in food. It is necessary for blood clotting, nerve signaling and may help prevent atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's and a certain type of kidney stones.
Researchers reviewed medical journals form 1972 to 2002 that related to vitamin K and bone health. Using a number of small trials and large cross-over trials, the authors compiled the data supporting the use of vitamin K in osteoporosis therapy. The authors state that the necessity of vitamin K in preventing osteoportoic fractures is due to its relationship with a hormone called osteocalcin which is dependent on vitamin K for function. Osteocalcin is secreted by bone cells called osteoblasts that are responsible for building the bone matrix.
The current recommended intake of vitamin K for adult women is only 90ug daily, while for men it is 120ug. The authors conclude from their literature review that levels under 100ug are not optimal for bone health and that by maintaining optimal intakes, patients can reduce their risk of osteoporosis and subsequent fracture. This study points out that there is more to osteoporosis prevention than optimal levels of calcium.
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